Gastroenteritis refers to inflammation of the stomach and intestines, and is characterised as viral gastroenteritis when the inflammatory condition is caused by infection with a virus. Viral gastroenteritis is often called the ‘stomach flu’ because it is caused by a virus, even though the influenza virus is not one of them.

Anorexia nervosa is a severe emotional, eating disorder that is characterised by a misperception of body image. Individuals suffering from anorexia nervosa have a distorted body image, which means that while they may be extremely underweight, they believe they are overweight. Sufferers also often have an obsessive fear of gaining weight. In popular media anorexia nervosa is shortened to anorexia. It should be noted that anorexia refers simply to having a loss of appetite, while anorexia nervosa is an emotional disorder that leads to appetite suppression. 

Atherosclerosis can be defined as the build up of plaque in the inner part of the arterial walls. Plaque is made of a variety of substances that clog the lining of an artery. This includes deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products and calcium. As arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart, the narrowing of these vessels can lead to a decrease in blood to the heart, which can cause numerous problems and can be fatal.

Congenital Heart Diseases exist at birth, and can describe a wide variety and different abnormalities affecting the heart. "Congenital" refers to aspect of time, not to causation. It means "present at birth" or “born with”. Heart defects originate in the early part of pregnancy when the heart is forming and affect any of the parts or functions of the heart. Therefore Congenital Heart Disease is a type heart disease occurring in newborns, and includes structural defects which lead to irregular heart beats or arrhythmia and malfunctioning of heart muscles.

Emphysema can be defined as a permanent enlargement of the alveolar spaces in the lung and a destruction of their walls. The alveolus often referred to as “little air sacs” are the primary site for gas exchange and are found in the respiratory areas of the lungs.

Ovarian cancer is a disease which causes cells in the ovaries to grow uncontrollably and in an abnormal manner causing the formation of a tumor. The ovaries are found in the female reproductive system on opposite sides of the uterus and are responsible for holding and releasing the egg during ovulation. There are three different types of ovarian tumors which are classified by where the cancer firsts starts growing

Nutritional disorders may be anything from minor to very serious problems.

The result of nutritional disorders can result in the improper functioning of a part of the digestive system. This may be due to an anatomical or physiological peculiarity which a person possesses or it may be due to a disease or degeneration of part of the system.

Recognized as a severe and disabling brain disorder, Schizophrenia is a chronic, psychiatric condition which impairs a patient’s cognitive function. Schizophrenia is found in populations all over the world and is estimated to affect 1% of Americans. The disorder is distributed equally between women and men but frequently appears in men at a younger age, often in their late teens to early twenties and in women more often in their twenties to early thirties. The disorder is found in ethnic groups across the globe.